Final answer:
The term describing a file system that supports a partition size up to 16 exabytes is exFAT. It is designed for flash drives and SD cards, surpasses FAT32 limits, and has become widely used for its large file and partition capacity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The file system that supports a partition size up to 16 exabytes is exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table). The exFAT file system was introduced by Microsoft in 2006 and is especially useful for flash drives and SD cards due to its great capacity for large files and directories. Unlike its predecessor FAT32, exFAT does not have the 4 GB file size limit and supports much larger partitions. NTFS (New Technology File System) is used by Windows operating systems for their system drives and by default for most non-removable drives; it supports large files and has a current partition limit of 256 TB. HFS+ (Hierarchical File System Plus) is a file system developed by Apple Inc. for use on macOS computers prior to macOS High Sierra. While it offers many modern features, it does not support partition sizes as large as exFAT.