Final answer:
Scours in calves are commonly caused by E. coli infections, with strains like E. coli O157:H7 and EPEC being of particular concern due to their severe effects and potential for causing diarrhea and dehydration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most common cause of scours in young calves is an infection with Escherichia coli bacteria, specifically a strain that may cause severe diarrhea and dehydration. For example, E. coli O157:H7 is a notorious strain known to cause infection in humans, originating from contaminated food or water sources like raw vegetables and undercooked meat. This pathogenic strain can produce a deadly toxin called Shiga toxin, which disrupts protein synthesis in cells, leading to conditions such as hemorrhagic colitis.
Another strain, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), can lead to severe illness by disrupting the structure of intestinal cells and causing a severe form of diarrhea, especially in infants. Treatment for infections caused by E. coli strains typically involves hydration and, in some cases, antibiotics, though the specific approach may vary depending on the strain and severity of infection. Prevention is centered on proper cooking of meats, hygiene, and avoiding consumption of contaminated water or food products.