Final answer:
Dr. Shaw justifies keeping Linda on a soma-holiday by prioritizing societal needs over her well-being, as per utilitarian philosophy, which focuses on seeking the greatest happiness for the largest number of people.
Step-by-step explanation:
Dr. Shaw justifies keeping Linda on a soma-holiday even though it will shorten her life by prioritizing societal needs over Linda's well-being. According to utilitarian philosophy, which focuses on seeking the greatest happiness for the largest number of people, the benefits of keeping Linda on a soma-holiday may include providing comfort to her and reducing the burden on society. Soma is seen as essential for maintaining social stability and preserving the sanctity of life as a value within the community.