Final answer:
Nitroglycerin in renal disease can cause metabolic acidosis and exacerbate complications such as hyperkalemia and cardiovascular issues. Renal disease can result in increased blood pressure, fluid overload, and acute renal failure. Various conditions and toxins can aggravate renal disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nitroglycerin (Nitro) and related medications can aggravate certain conditions in patients with renal disease. One potential consequence of nitro usage is metabolic acidosis, which involves the accumulation of sulfates, phosphates, uric acid, and other substances leading to increased acid levels in the blood (acidemia). This can alter enzyme activity and increase excitability of cardiac and neuronal membranes, often promoting hyperkalemia. Additionally, patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) tend to experience accelerated atherosclerosis and are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, with a worse prognosis than those without CKD.
Renal disease can be caused by various conditions, including diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and other structural impairments. Severe crises may induce acute renal failure. Moreover, increased blood pressure can result from fluid overload and excess production of vasoactive hormones, elevating the risk of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Accumulation of urea may lead to azotemia and eventually uremia, with symptoms like lethargy and encephalopathy. Specific toxins and medications can also exacerbate renal disease, leading to further complications.