Final answer:
Ovulation is the medical term describing the release of a secondary oocyte from the mature follicle in the ovary, which happens following a surge of LH hormone.
Step-by-step explanation:
The medical term for the process that occurs when the mature follicle bulges out on the surface of the ovary and then ruptures is called ovulation. During this process, following a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), the most mature follicle releases its egg, which is now a secondary oocyte. The remaining structure of the follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which is responsible for secreting progesterone that prepares the body for a potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate.