Final answer:
Charles Martel was granted the title “The Hammer” by the Christian church following his victory at the Battle of Tours, representing his role in halting the Islamic conquest in Europe and paving the way for Carolingian rule.
Step-by-step explanation:
The title given by the Christian church to Charles Martel after his victory at the Battle of Tours was “The Hammer.” This nickname is a translation of his last name, “Martel.” Charles Martel’s leadership during the battle was significant for Christian Europe as it was a decisive victory that helped to halt the northward expansion of Islamic forces from the Iberian Peninsula. Having gained prestige after this victory, Charles’s legitimacy was further solidified when his son, Pepin, seized power from the Merovingians, with the coup later ratified by the pope, thus establishing the Carolingians as the new rulers. This move ensured the persistence of Christian rule in the Frankish kingdom and gave the Carolingians a sanctified authority.