Final answer:
The subject of the painting 'Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo' is New Spain.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject of the painting 'Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo' is 1) New Spain. The painting is part of the 18th-century casta paintings, which depict the racial diversity of Spanish America. These paintings aimed to categorize and understand the different racial mixtures in society based on skin color.
Casta paintings are a genre of Spanish colonial art that emerged in the 18th century in Mexico. These paintings depict different racial mixtures in the New World, particularly in the Spanish colonies. The term "casta" itself translates to "caste" or "lineage" and was used to categorize and define people based on their racial and ethnic backgrounds. Casta paintings were a visual representation of the complex caste system that evolved in the Spanish colonies.