Final answer:
Modern American conservatives tend to support limited government, free-market principles, traditional values, and a robust defense, while advocating for lower taxes and reduced social spending. Think tanks like the AEI and Heritage Foundation have been influential in shaping conservative policy. Debates exist within conservatism regarding the balance of economic liberty and traditional values with environmental and regulatory concerns.
Step-by-step explanation:
The views of those generally thought to be conservatives in modern American politics tend to emphasize limited government, free-market economics, traditional family values, and a strong national defense. Many conservatives seek to reduce the size of the federal government, particularly in areas of social welfare, while maintaining or increasing spending on the military and law enforcement. Economic policies advocated by conservatives often include lowering taxes for individuals and businesses to spur economic growth. Despite some conservatives having challenged labor unions and social programs that aim to reduce economic inequality, there is a belief in the potential risks of powerful governmental institutions and labor unions which could hamper personal liberties and economic freedom.
Conservative ideology has been shaped by a variety of intellectuals and think tanks such as the American Enterprise Institute and the Heritage Foundation. These organizations work to advance conservative ideals and have significantly influenced public policy and political discourse. Politicians associated with conservatism often argue for the preservation of traditional social structures and opposition to certain social movements, such as those seeking to expand abortion rights and gay and lesbian rights.
Historically, figures like Ronald Reagan have symbolized a shift toward conservatism, advocating for reduced governmental involvement in the economy and a return to "traditional" family values. However, there has been debate within conservative circles about the correct balance between economic liberties and other traditionally conservative concerns, such as environmental protection and the risks of unregulated market dynamics.