Final answer:
The capsules at the top of a sporophyte are called sporangia. They contain spores produced from meiosis and have an operculum and peristome that aid in spore dispersal.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capsules at the top of a sporophyte are known as spore-producing structures or sporangia. Within these capsules, spore mother cells undergo meiosis to generate haploid spores that are then dispersed for reproduction. Notable features of these spore capsules include the operculum, which is a cap-like structure at the tip, and the peristome, comprised of tooth-like units regulating spore release. The operculum and calyptra, which cover the sporangium, fall away when the spores are ready, and the peristome helps in their periodic release when conditions are favorable.