Final answer:
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others based on their internal characteristics, rather than considering situational factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is D. Fundamental attribution error.
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others based on their internal characteristics, such as their personality or disposition, rather than considering situational factors. This means that when someone behaves in a certain way, we tend to attribute it to their internal traits rather than considering the influence of external factors.
For example, if someone is acting rude or unfriendly, the fundamental attribution error would lead us to assume that they are a mean or unfriendly person, without considering the possibility that they may be having a bad day or experiencing some other situational factor.