Final answer:
Conflict between self-interest and altruism is a key issue in ethical theory, with various philosophies seeking to reconcile the two. The diversity of moral views does not eliminate the possibility of universal moral truths. Moral reasoning is debated as either objective or subjective, with some consensus on the brain's involvement in morality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that one of the major problems in setting up a moral system is the conflict between self and other presents a false dilemma, as there are numerous ethical theories that navigate the balance between self-interest and the interests of others without requiring total self-sacrifice. The conflict between self-interest and altruism is a significant aspect of ethical theory, and while some people believe that pursuing one's own self-interest leads to the betterment of all, this claim is debatable.
Ethical theories and moral philosophies have continually sought to find a middle ground between absolutism and relativism concerning morality. Moral development is influenced by social interactions and cultural norms, leading to varying moral values and principles across societies. However, this diversity in views does not negate the possibility of a universally accepted concept of good.
Moral realists hold that there are objective moral facts, while skeptics doubt such objectivity, seeing moral reasoning as distinct from factual or logical reasoning. Despite these differences, there is some consensus that human brain may have a role in forming the basis for moral judgments and principles.