Final answer:
Reduced sleep is linked to increased food intake, especially of high-calorie foods, weight gain, and hormonal changes that boost appetite, which cumulatively contribute to weight gain. Therefore, the correct option is b
Step-by-step explanation:
In terms of weight management, reduced sleep is associated with increased consumption of energy-dense foods, weight gain, and hormonal changes that increase appetite. Insufficient sleep has been linked to an increase in the hunger hormone, ghrelin, and a decrease in the satiety hormone, leptin, which can lead to overeating and preference for high-calorie, high-carbohydrate foods. Additionally, experiencing less sleep may lead to a decrease in physical activity due to fatigue, further contributing to weight gain. Therefore, the answer to the student's question is B. All of these answers are correct.