Final answer:
The income effect is increased when the price of bagels decreases, as Fatima's buying power increases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The income effect refers to the change in the effective buying power of one's income when the price of a good changes. In this case, as the price of bagels decreases, Fatima's buying power increases. Therefore, the income effect is increased. With a lower price, Fatima can purchase more bagels with the same amount of income.