Final answer:
Cell signal transduction typically involves cascades of protein phosphorylations, acting as a chain reaction to amplify the signal and initiate various cellular responses. The process features kinases that phosphorylate proteins, thus activating or deactivating them, and is characterized by signal amplification within the signaling pathway.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cell signal transduction often entails sequences of cascade effects that work like a chain reaction. These sequences are typically a series of protein phosphorylations catalyzed by protein kinases inside the cell. Through this mechanism, signal transduction involves G protein-linked and enzyme-linked receptors that amplify the initial signal. Moreover, this process leads to various cellular responses via downstream events in the signaling pathway. Within these signaling cascades, phosphorylation of molecules by kinases plays a critical role by modifying proteins to activate or inhibit them, which ultimately affects functions like gene expression and cell behavior.