Final answer:
Adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is also known as cellular differentiation, which is the process of cells becoming specialized. Stem cells can divide without limit and differentiate into specialized cells under specific conditions. Transcription factor proteins play a crucial role in regulating the differentiation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
Adult stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is also known as cellular differentiation, which occurs in most animals. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can divide without limit and, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells. This process is regulated by different transcription factor proteins that bind to DNA and promote or hinder the transcription of different genes, ultimately determining the cell's unique characteristics.