Final answer:
Futile cycling in thermogenic pathways involves cycling between the hydrolysis and synthesis of metabolites. This type of metabolic pathway leads to a net loss of energy since the energy produced is not effectively utilized.
Step-by-step explanation:
Futile cycling in thermogenic pathways involves cycling between the hydrolysis and synthesis of metabolites. These pathways are a type of metabolic pathway that occurs when energy is wasted by performing uncoordinated catabolic and anabolic reactions. These reactions lead to a net loss of energy since the energy produced is not effectively utilized. Examples of thermogenic pathways of futile cycling include processes like the synthesis and hydrolysis of glycogen, glucose-1-phosphate, and other carbohydrates.