Final answer:
In fragile sites, the probability of DNA damage can be reduced by chemicals that aid in DNA repair mechanisms, like photolyase, or by ensuring sufficient nutrient availability, such as folic acid, to support DNA integrity.
Step-by-step explanation:
In fragile sites, the likelihood of DNA damage can be reduced by chemicals that assist in DNA repair or provide protection against mutagens. Chemicals that can result in decreased damage to DNA include those that facilitate direct reversal of certain types of DNA damage, such as the action of the enzyme photolyase, which repairs thymine dimers caused by UV light.
In addition, substances that provide essential nutrients for DNA synthesis and repair, like folic acid, are critical for maintaining DNA integrity and preventing damage. Reducing exposure to mutagenic agents, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and taking preventive measures like avoiding excessive sunlight or ionizing radiation, are also important for protecting fragile sites in the genome.