Final answer:
Biological deep homology refers to traits shared by organisms due to a common ancestor, while phylogenetic homology is based on genetic sequences to determine evolutionary relatedness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biological deep homology refers to the concept that organisms share common features or traits due to their shared evolutionary history. These traits are seen in different organisms and can be traced back to a common ancestor. For example, the similar bone structure in the wings of bats, birds, and human arms is a result of biological deep homology.
On the other hand, phylogenetic homology is based on the comparison of genetic sequences to determine evolutionary relatedness. By analyzing the DNA or protein sequences of different organisms, scientists can identify similarities and differences. These similarities can indicate a common ancestor and help in building phylogenetic trees to understand evolutionary relationships.