Final answer:
The statement regarding five different nucleotides in DNA is false; only four nucleotides, A, C, G, and T, make up DNA. Uracil is found in RNA, not DNA, and the fundamental mechanisms of gene expression are conserved across organisms, explaining gene functionality in bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that there are five different nucleotides that usually become imported into a DNA strand is false. The nucleotides that make up DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA, not in DNA. Therefore, only four nucleotides are used to form DNA strands. Furthermore, in the complementary DNA strand, adenine always pairs with thymine (A-T), and cytosine always binds with guanine (C-G). For example, if a segment of a DNA strand has the sequence ATTG, the corresponding bases on the other strand would be TAAC.
Additionally, the central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. This flow explains why a human gene can produce the same protein in bacteria because the fundamental mechanisms of gene expression are conserved across organisms.