Final answer:
The nervous system primarily comprises neurons, which are responsible for processing and transmitting information via electrical and chemical signals, and glial cells, which provide support and nourishment for neurons.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two primary cell types found in the nervous system are neurons and glial cells. Neurons are known for their role in computation and communication within the nervous system, enabling electrical activity and the release of chemical signals to other cells. On the other hand, glial cells, or glia, provide essential support to the neurons, assisting with their well-being and functionality. These cells are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), with four types of glial cells in the CNS and two in the PNS. The complex interplay between these two cell types is critical for all nervous system activities, from basic reflexes to complex cognitive functions.