Question

At very high altitudes, the air holds less oxygen. Recent research has revealed how people living 13,000 feet above sea level in the mountains of Tibet have adapted to their oxygen-poor environment. The Tibetan population, as a consequence of living at high altitude for thousands of years, has developed several characteristics that allow them to survive and thrive in this type of environment. These characteristics enable Tibetans to tolerate hypoxia, or low oxygen levels. For example, compared to lowland peoples, Tibetans have greater lung capacity, the ability to generate a higher maximum heart rate when exercising, and a higher density of capillaries in their muscles. Scientists have identified many other adaptive traits as well. Some of these adaptations are linked with specific genes, thus allowing the traits to be passed from one generation to the next.

Answer 1

The Tibetan population at high altitudes has developed adaptive traits, including increased lung capacity, higher maximum heart rate during exercise, and greater muscle capillary density, to tolerate hypoxia, with some traits linked to specific genes, passed from generation to generation.

The Tibetan population's adaptation to high-altitude environments, specifically at 13,000 feet above sea level, showcases remarkable evolutionary responses to the challenges of low oxygen levels or hypoxia. Over thousands of years of residing in such conditions, Tibetans have developed several adaptive characteristics that enhance their ability to thrive in an oxygen-poor atmosphere. Among these traits, individuals at high altitudes exhibit greater lung capacity, enabling more efficient oxygen uptake. Additionally, they demonstrate the capability to achieve a higher maximum heart rate during exercise, enhancing cardiovascular performance in oxygen-deprived surroundings.

Another noteworthy adaptation involves a higher density of capillaries in their muscles, facilitating improved oxygen delivery to tissues. Scientists have identified specific genes associated with these adaptive traits, revealing the genetic basis for the population's ability to endure hypoxia. These genetic adaptations, accumulated over generations, underscore the role of natural selection in shaping the unique physiological features of the Tibetan population.