Final answer:
Common signs of ricin poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, with symptoms typically appearing within hours of exposure, whether inhaled or ingested. Recognizing these signs is crucial for seeking immediate medical treatment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common Signs of Ricin Poisoning
The common signs of ricin poisoning are most accurately reflected in option (a), which lists nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain as the primary symptoms. Ricin is a highly toxic substance derived from the seeds of the castor oil plant, and it can be fatal. If someone inhales ricin, symptoms can begin within 4 to 8 hours, typically presenting as flu-like, such as nausea, cough, and difficulty breathing (dyspnea), eventually progressing to severe respiratory issues like pulmonary edema. In the case of ingestion, symptoms might include vomiting and severe abdominal pain, which can eventually lead to organ failure. While exposure to nerve agents exhibits abrupt and different symptoms, such as miosis (pinpoint pupils), salivation, and seizures, they are not associated with ricin poisoning. Therefore, if a case of suspected ricin poisoning occurs, recognizing these signs early and seeking immediate medical attention are crucial for the affected individual's survival.