Final answer:
Flight crew members must complete a Biennial Flight Review, an annual medical examination, and log required flight hours to stay current. All of the mentioned requirements are essential to ensure pilot proficiency and compliance with aviation standards.
Step-by-step explanation:
The requirements for flight crew to remain current include a combination of regular assessments and training to ensure proficiency and adherence to aviation regulations. Specifically, a Biennial Flight Review (BFR) is necessary every two years, which is an opportunity for pilots to refresh their knowledge and flying skills with a certified flight instructor. In addition to the BFR, flight crew must also undergo an annual medical examination to maintain their medical certificates, ensuring that they are fit to fly. It’s also crucial for flight crew to maintain their skills through actual flying; thus, the completion of required flight hours is necessary to demonstrate continued competency in flight operations. The correct answer to the student’s question is therefore 'd. All of the above'.