Final answer:
A teratogen is a compound that permanently deforms the function or structure of a developing embryo or fetus. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Thalidomide is a notable teratogen that caused severe birth defects.
Step-by-step explanation:
This can be a biological, chemical, or physical agent that causes damage to the embryo or fetus. Teratogens can include substances like drugs, alcohol, and radiation, as well as viruses like HIV and rubella. They can lead to birth defects and developmental issues in a child.
For example, alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) which can cause physical abnormalities and cognitive impairments in children. Another teratogen, Thalidomide, led to severe birth defects in the 1950s and 1960s when it was prescribed as a medication for morning sickness.