Final answer:
The thoracodorsal nerve originates from the brachial plexus and innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle in the back.
Step-by-step explanation:
The thoracodorsal nerve originates in the brachial plexus, which is formed by the spinal nerves C4 through T1. It specifically innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle, which is located in the back. This muscle is important for movements such as the extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus (upper arm bone).
The correct answer to the question of where does the thoracodorsal nerve originate and what area does it innervate is C) Originates in the back, innervates the latissimus dorsi.