Final answer:
The duodenum uses enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The enzymes in the duodenum include trypsin and chymotrypsin for proteins, amylase for carbohydrates, and sucrase and lactase for disaccharides.
Step-by-step explanation:
The duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, uses several enzymes to break down different macromolecules. The pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin break down proteins into peptides, which are then further broken down into amino acids by peptidases. The pancreatic enzyme amylase breaks down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars, while duodenal enzymes sucrase and lactase break down disaccharides like sucrose and lactose into simple sugars. Additionally, bile salts from the liver help make lipids accessible to water-soluble enzymes.