Final answer:
Levels of LH and FSH in a castrated male dog would rise due to the removal of the negative feedback usually provided by testosterone produced by the testes.
Step-by-step explanation:
After a male dog is castrated, the testes, which produce testosterone, are removed. Without testosterone to provide negative feedback, levels of gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) will initially rise. Over time, due to the lack of negative feedback from testosterone, the hypothalamus and pituitary become more sensitive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), further increasing levels of LH and FSH. This is different from the puberty phase where an increase in LH and FSH leads to increased sex hormone production and gonad maturation, which isn't the case post-castration.