Final answer:
During a pelvic exam for invasive cervical cancer, enlarged lymph nodes may be detected, along with other signs like visible lesions on the cervix. A rectal exam may reveal a palpable mass if the cancer has spread. Pap smears and biopsies are essential diagnostic tools, and early detection through regular screening is vital.
Step-by-step explanation:
Signs During Physical Examination with Invasive Cervical Cancer
During a pelvic exam for invasive cervical cancer, an individual may present with enlarged lymph nodes, which can be a sign of metastasis or spread to these nodes. Other potential signs on pelvic examination could include visible lesions on the cervix or a palpable mass. It is important to note that findings such as a decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure are not directly related to cervical cancer. Clear lung sounds are typically normal, but depending on the stage of cancer and possible metastasis, abnormal lung sounds could also be a sign.
During a rectal exam, which is less commonly performed for cervical cancer unless there is a suspicion of spread, one might find a palpable mass if the tumor has invaded into adjacent structures like the rectum. Other signs, such as abdominal pain, could be indicative of involvement of abdominal organs. Normal bowel sounds are not specific to cancer diagnosis but rather indicate normal bowel activity.
Cervical cancer can be asymptomatic in its early stages, and later present with symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and pain during sexual intercourse. A Pap smear and biopsy are key diagnostic tools, supplements by imaging modalities like CT scan or MRI to determine the extent of the disease. Regular screening with Pap smears is critical for early detection and can reduce cervical cancer mortality significantly.