Final answer:
Deficiency of maternal T3 and T4 is known as Congenital Hypothyroidism, caused mainly by iodine deficiency leading to insufficient thyroid hormone production, affecting fetal brain development and growth. Goiter, another symptom of iodine deficiency, results in thyroid gland enlargement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Deficiency of maternal T3 and T4 hormones is a condition called Congenital Hypothyroidism. This condition occurs when a newborn infant is born with insufficient levels of thyroid hormones, which are crucial for brain development and growth. Iodine deficiency is one of the leading causes of thyroid hormone deficiency, leading to conditions such as hypothyroidism and goiter.
Hypothyroidism can lead to a range of symptoms, including weight gain, cold sensitivity, and reduced mental activity. This is because thyroid hormones play a critical role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development. If a pregnant woman is hypothyroid, it can have severe adverse effects on the fetus, potentially causing cognitive deficits and even congenital deafness.
Goiter is an enlarged thyroid that can occur due to iodine deficiency, resulting in the excessive production of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and leading to the accumulation of colloid in the gland without producing necessary thyroid hormones. Although goiter is a visible indicator of iodine deficiency, other symptoms such as weight gain and cold sensitivity are common indicators of underlying hypothyroidism.