Final answer:
Older patients are at higher risk during cardiovascular surgery due to underlying atherosclerosis, decreased cardiac capacity, and the slower wound healing and weakened immune system that comes with age.
Step-by-step explanation:
During cardiovascular surgery, older patients are at a higher risk due to several factors:
1. Underlying atherosclerosis: Older patients are more likely to have a build-up of plaque in their arteries, which can increase the risk of heart attacks or strokes.
2. Decreased cardiac capacity: As people age, their heart may not pump as efficiently or effectively, making it more challenging for the heart to withstand the stress of surgery.
3. Slower wound healing and weakened immune system: Older patients may experience slower wound healing and a higher risk of infection due to age-related changes in the immune system.