Final Answer:
The nurse will follow the principles of warfarin therapy by administering the oral dose at the same time every day (b), assessing carefully for excessive bruising or unusual bleeding (c), and monitoring laboratory results for a target INR of 2 to 3 (d).
Step-by-step explanation:
In managing warfarin therapy for a patient with atrial fibrillation, it is crucial for the nurse to ensure the consistent administration of the oral dose at the same time every day (b). Warfarin's anticoagulant effect relies on maintaining a specific international normalized ratio (INR) within a therapeutic range. The target INR for patients with atrial fibrillation is generally 2 to 3 (d). This range signifies an appropriate balance between preventing blood clots and avoiding excessive bleeding.
To achieve this balance, regular monitoring of laboratory results is imperative. The nurse must conduct frequent INR tests and adjust the warfarin dosage accordingly to maintain the INR within the specified range. This is particularly essential during the initial phase of therapy when dosage adjustments are common. Assessing the patient for signs of excessive bruising or unusual bleeding (c) is equally crucial, as it helps detect potential complications associated with warfarin therapy.
Teaching proper subcutaneous administration (a) is not applicable in this context, as warfarin is administered orally, typically in tablet form. Therefore, the nurse's focus should be on oral administration, INR monitoring, and vigilant assessment for bleeding complications to ensure the safe and effective management of warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation.