Final answer:
The outcome of a 23X sperm fertilizing an ovum without a nucleus and doubling chromosomes to 46XX is a complete mole, a form of gestational trophoblastic disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
If a single, 23X sperm fertilizes an ovum that lacks a nucleus, and its chromosomes double to yield a 46XX karyotype, the outcome would be D) A complete mole. This happens because the fertilized egg lacks the female genetic material and hence all genetic material is paternally derived. This situation can lead to a gestational trophoblastic disease where an abnormal pregnancy with a complete mole is formed. This mole may have a normal karyotype, but it is not a viable pregnancy because it only contains genetic material from the father and lacks maternal contributions, which are essential for proper embryonic development.