Final answer:
The apex, or the superior blunt end of each lung, is located at the top of the lungs. It is part of the larger lobe structure each lung has, with the right lung divided into three lobes and the left into two, and these lobes consist of bronchopulmonary segments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The apex of the lung is the superior, blunt end which is situated at the top of the lungs. Each lung is divided into lobes that are separated by fissures. The right lung consists of three lobes — superior, middle, and inferior while the left lung consists of two lobes, superior and inferior. Each lobe is further divided into bronchopulmonary segments, which each receive air from their own tertiary bronchus. These segments are important because they can be surgically removed without significantly affecting the neighboring segments, which is particularly beneficial in the treatment of certain diseases.
The lungs are essential for gas exchange, allowing us to take in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide. The diaphragm plays a crucial role in breathing by moving downward during inhalation, increasing the thoracic cavity volume and causing air to flow into the lungs.