Final answer:
A standard solution is a solution with a concentration known to at least 4 significant figures. In chemistry, the concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. To prepare a standard solution, a volumetric flask is used to carefully measure and mix the solute and solvent.
Step-by-step explanation:
A standard solution is a solution with a concentration known to at least 4 significant figures. In chemistry, a solution can have different concentrations, which is a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent or solution. To prepare a standard solution, a piece of lab equipment called a volumetric flask is used. This flask is carefully calibrated to a single volume, and the precise mass of solute is dissolved in a bit of the solvent and then added to the flask with enough solvent to reach the calibration mark.