Final answer:
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is the protocol known for fast transmission of information with minimal error checking, favoring speed over reliability.
Step-by-step explanation:
The protocol described as, "A protocol used on the internet for fast transmission of information but with minimal error checking" is c) UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Unlike TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), which provides extensive error-checking mechanisms to ensure data integrity and correct sequence delivery, UDP sacrifices these features for speed. UDP is suitable for scenarios where speed is crucial and minor data loss is acceptable, such as in live broadcasts or online gaming. In contrast, HTTP and FTP, although also used for transmitting information over the internet, operate over TCP for reliable communication.