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US projectiles, as viewed from the rear, spin in a ___________ direction. A spinning projectile acts as a gyroscope and exhibits the characteristic known as __________________. (3-3 pg. 8-4)

a) Clockwise; Precession
b) Counterclockwise; Nutation
c) Clockwise; Nutation
d) Counterclockwise; Precession

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Final answer:

US projectiles spin clockwise when viewed from the rear, and they exhibit the gyroscopic characteristic known as precession due to torque being perpendicular to angular momentum.

Step-by-step explanation:

The direction in which US projectiles spin as viewed from the rear is clockwise. This spinning action gives the projectile gyroscopic properties, specifically the characteristic known as precession. A gyroscope or a spinning projectile will not just topple over when subjected to a force; instead, it will precess around its vertical axis. This is due to the torque being perpendicular to the angular momentum. In the example given of a spinning top placed on a flat surface near Earth's surface, the top precesses around the vertical instead of falling over due to gravity, which is similar to the behavior of spinning projectiles.