Final answer:
The dorsal scapular nerve serves the rhomboid muscles and part of the levitator scapulae. The rhomboid minor attaches the scapula to the thoracic vertebrae and is involved in scapular movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nerve that serves the rhomboid muscles and part of the levitator scapulae ventralis muscle is the dorsal scapular nerve. This nerve is responsible for innervating the rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles. These muscles are located on the posterior thorax and are involved in the medial movement of the scapula, which pulls the shoulder and upper limb posteriorly. The rhomboid minor muscle specifically attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae.