Final answer:
The receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure and are a critical component of the body's regulatory system are called baroreceptors. These receptors work with chemoreceptors and the cardiovascular center to maintain vascular homeostasis by regulating blood pressure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called baroreceptors. These specialized stretch receptors are found within the walls of major arteries such as the carotid artery and the aorta. Baroreceptors monitor the degree of stretch in these blood vessels, which is influenced by blood pressure levels. When blood pressure changes, baroreceptors send impulses to the cardiovascular center to help regulate blood pressure.
Baroreceptors function as part of a feedback system by initiating baroreceptor reflexes. These reflexes help in maintaining vascular homeostasis by adjusting heart rate and blood vessel dilation. This mechanism ensures that blood pressure remains within a healthy range, adapting to the body's needs under various conditions.
In addition to baroreceptors, chemoreceptors also play a critical role in vascular homeostasis by monitoring levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ions (pH) in the blood, further influencing the cardiovascular center.