Final answer:
Uncrossed disparities typically stimulate convergence. Convergence refers to the inward movement of the eyes, allowing them to focus on a nearby object. In the context of binocular vision, crossed disparities stimulate divergence, while uncrossed disparities stimulate convergence. Therefore, the correct answer is: b) convergence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking about the effects of uncrossed disparities on vision. Uncrossed disparities are differences in the images seen by each eye due to their horizontal separation, which the brain uses to perceive depth. When uncrossed disparities stimulate an incorrect response, it can lead to different visual phenomena or defects.
In the context of the given options, uncrossed disparities can stimulate divergence. Divergence is when two eyes move outwardly, which occurs when an object comes closer to the face in an attempt to maintain a single binocular vision and avoid double vision.
However, it is more associated with hyperopia or farsightedness, where the eyes do not converge enough, and rays from a close object do not meet on the retina, resulting in blurry near vision.
Convergence is when the eyes move inwardly to focus on near objects, and is illustrated in nearsightedness, or myopia, where an eye lens that is too powerful or an eye that is too long can cause the rays to converge in front of the retina. Hyperopia can be caused by insufficient lens power, or an eye that is too short.
On the other hand, retinal rivalry can result when each eye sees an image so different that the brain cannot fuse the two into a single perception, potentially leading to alternating vision or suppression of one image.
Therefore, the correct answer is: b) convergence.