Final answer:
Southern blotting is the technique that allows for simple detection and analysis of specific DNA sequences by separating DNA fragments on a gel, transferring them to a membrane, and probing with a complementary sequence. It is useful for gene structure studies and detecting genetic disorders. PCR, while a powerful tool, is specifically for amplifying DNA sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
A technique that allows for the simple detection and analysis of specific DNA sequences is known as Southern blotting. This method involves separating DNA fragments on a gel, transferring them to a nylon membrane, and then incubating them with a labeled DNA probe that is complementary to the sequence of interest. Southern blotting is based on the principle of nucleic acid hybridization. It is useful for a variety of applications including the study of gene structure, the detection of genetic disorders, and forensic analyses. In contrast, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is widely used for rapidly amplifying specific DNA sequences, allowing for further analysis when only minute quantities of DNA are available.
Although similarly named, Southern blotting is for DNA detection, while Northern blotting is used for RNA detection. In the context of genomic studies, such as investigating sickle cell anemia, Southern blotting would be the most relevant technique for detecting polymorphism, as it allows researchers to identify particular DNA sequences in samples with high sensitivity.