Final answer:
Intelligence refers to a person's ability to learn, reason, problem-solve, and adapt to new situations. It can be measured using standardized tests, such as IQ tests.
Step-by-step explanation:
Intelligence refers to a person's ability to learn, reason, problem-solve, and adapt to new situations. It is a complex concept that has been defined and understood differently throughout history. One early theory of intelligence, proposed by Charles Spearman, suggested that intelligence consists of a general factor called 'g' that can be measured and compared among individuals. However, there are also multiple theories and models that propose different types or dimensions of intelligence.
Measuring intelligence is a challenging task. It is typically done using various standardized tests, such as IQ tests, which assess cognitive strengths and weaknesses. The process of measuring intelligence involves the development of these tests and establishing their reliability and validity. Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to determine the underlying structure of intelligence tests and identify the latent variables or factors that contribute to overall intelligence.