Question

Based on what we have learned in this lesson, which of the following terms would describe the formation of proteins in the body?

1) Transcription
2) Translation
3) Replication
4) Mutation

Answer 1

Correct option is 2. The formation of proteins in the body is accurately described by the term 'translation,' which is the assembly of amino acids into proteins directed by mRNA at the ribosome, following the transcription of DNA into mRNA.

Step-by-step explanation:

Protein Synthesis in the Body

Translation describes the formation of proteins in the body. This process involves ribosomes synthesizing proteins from amino acids as instructed by the mRNA, which has transcribed the genetic code from DNA. Following transcription, where DNA is used as a template to make an RNA molecule in the nucleus, the RNA molecule then exits the nucleus to the cytoplasm for translation. During translation at the ribosome, tRNA molecules bring the appropriate amino acids which are then assembled into a polypeptide chain in the sequence determined by the mRNA template. Afterward, the polypeptide chain undergoes further folding and processing to become a functional protein.

In sum, the correct term for the formation of proteins is translation, not transcription, replication, or mutation. Transcription is the initial step where the DNA sequence is copied to mRNA, replication is the duplication of the entire DNA molecule, and mutations are changes to the DNA sequence that may or may not affect protein synthesis.