Final answer:
Acknowledging that an experience is different than the sum of its elements is reflective of Gestalt psychology. (Option b)
Step-by-step explanation:
Gestalt psychology is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the idea that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. It focuses on the organization and holistic nature of perception and cognition, suggesting that individuals perceive and understand the world in terms of patterns, structures, and wholes rather than isolated elements. This perspective is in contrast to structuralism (option c), which aimed to analyze the mind by breaking it down into its constituent elements, and functionalism (option d), which emphasized the adaptive functions of mental processes.
Gestalt psychologists believed that our minds naturally organize sensory information into meaningful patterns and configurations, and they conducted research to understand the principles of perceptual organization, problem-solving, and learning that underlie this holistic approach to cognition.
Therefore, the correct answer is: b. Gestalt psychology