Final answer:
a. tempeh. Seitan is the option that is NOT made from soy; it is made from wheat gluten, whereas tempeh, tofu, and miso are all soy-based products.
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that is NOT made from soy is seitan. Unlike tempeh, tofu, and miso — all of which are soy-based products — seitan is actually made from wheat gluten, which is the protein part of wheat. It's often used as a meat substitute in vegetarian and vegan diets due to its chewy texture and ability to absorb flavors well.
Tofu is made by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks. Tempeh is made by fermenting cooked soybeans until they form a firm, dense cake. Miso is a Japanese seasoning produced by fermenting soybeans with salt and koji (the fungus Aspergillus oryzae), and sometimes rice, barley, or other ingredients.