Final answer:
Catherine's belief that women are inherently superior to men is an example of sexism, which values one sex over the other and is distinct from concepts like patriarchy, matriarchy, and feminism. The correct option is - b. sexism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ideology that Catherine believes in is best described as sexism, which refers to prejudiced beliefs that value one sex over another. This ideology occurs at the individual, group, and institutional levels.
Sexism is a concept where either men or women are considered inherently superior to the other, which is different from patriarchy, where men are in control and hold more power and prestige in society, or matriarchy, a hypothetical social system where women are in charge but does not actually exist in contemporary societies. Feminism, on the other hand, is a movement that advocates for the equality of the sexes.