Final answer:
An anaphylactic reaction can occur when someone with a specific allergy is given blood containing IgA antibodies. It triggers a severe allergic response that can cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling, and a drop in blood pressure. Epinephrine is commonly used to treat anaphylaxis.
Step-by-step explanation:
An anaphylactic reaction can occur when someone with a specific allergy is given blood containing IgA antibodies. IgA is an immunoglobulin that is associated with allergies and anaphylaxis. When the recipient's IgE antibodies, which are specific to the allergen, come into contact with the IgA antibodies in the transfused blood, it can trigger a severe allergic response.
During an anaphylactic reaction, mast cells in the recipient's body release histamines, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, swelling of the tongue and throat, and a drop in blood pressure. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is commonly used to treat anaphylaxis by constricting blood vessels, relaxing smooth muscles, and reducing swelling. It is important for individuals with known severe allergies to carry an epinephrine autoinjector for emergency treatment.