Final answer:
Orthodontics is the dental specialty that corrects teeth misalignments using appliances like braces, which apply forces to reposition teeth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of dental care that corrects natural teeth misalignments using dental appliances is called Orthodontics. Orthodontics involves the use of braces, retainers, and other devices to apply pressure to the teeth to realign them properly. The nature of the human mouth is such that we have various types of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars) that serve different functions, from cutting and tearing to crushing and grinding food. Sometimes, due to genetic factors or other reasons, these teeth can become misaligned, impacting function as well as aesthetics. Braces are a common orthodontic tool shown in figures you've mentioned, applying forces to teeth, such as tension by wires, to gradually move the teeth into their correct positions.