Final answer:
The Henderson-Hasselbach equation is used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution by rearranging the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of a weak acid. It involves the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (pKa) and the ratio of the concentrations of the conjugate base and acid in the solution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Henderson-Hasselbach equation is a rearranged version of the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of a weak acid. It is used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution. The equation is pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid]), where pKa is the negative logarithm of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) and [base] and [acid] represent the concentrations of the conjugate base and acid, respectively.