Final answer:
The Arab-Muslim armies defeated the kings east of Jordan, particularly during the 7th century with the Battle of Yarmuk in 636. Joshua from the biblical records also achieved victory over various groups in the region.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout different periods in history, various groups defeated the kings east of the Jordan. One of the most significant defeats was by the Arab-Muslim armies, who, following their victories in the region, notably defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Yarmuk in 636 and later took control of Byzantine and Sasanian territories. Additionally, during the biblical era, Joshua is recorded as having defeated various groups in the land, including the Eglonites, Hebronites, and Debirites, with passages in the Book of Joshua describing these victories as being carried out with the Lord's approval.