Final answer:
Every human and political community is based on the principles of justice and equity, which ensure fair opportunity and rights distribution, aligning with the philosophical goal of maximizing societal happiness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Every human and political community is founded on the principles of justice and equity. These foundational principles ensure the fair distribution of opportunities, resources, and rights, which is the essence of social justice. Philosophy conveys that society should aim to maximize happiness through utilitarianism, where the goal is to achieve the greatest good for the community. Civil liberties and civil rights must be balanced with the good of the community, where community decision-making takes precedence over individual desires. When considering different types of governance, the tradeoffs between liberty, equality, and justice become clear, especially in democratic systems that strive to optimize these ideals without infringing on one another. Ultimately, the prioritization of the community, social solidarity, and inclusive practices shapes the foundation of societies and their political frameworks.